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Cronbach's Alpha Calculator

Calculate internal consistency reliability for multi-item scales. Paste your data to get Cronbach's alpha with interpretation and item-level analysis.

Input Data

Cronbach's Alpha

Enter your data to calculate reliability

Methodology

Raw Alpha (Cronbach, 1951):

α = (k/(k-1)) × (1 - Σσᵢ²/σₜ²)

Standardized Alpha:

α = (k × r̄) / (1 + (k-1) × r̄)

Interpretation (George & Mallery, 2003):

≥.9 Exc.
≥.8 Good
≥.7 Accept.
≥.6 Quest.
≥.5 Poor
<.5 Unacc.

Missing data: Listwise deletion (rows with any missing/non-numeric values are excluded).

95% CI: Bootstrap (1,000 resamples, percentile method).

Item-total r: Corrected (item excluded from total).

Assumptions: Tau-equivalence (equal true-score variances). For ordinal data or congeneric measures, consider polychoric alpha or McDonald's ω.

Built by Lensym — focused on valid, reliable survey research.

Understanding Cronbach's Alpha

Cronbach's alpha (α) measures the internal consistency of a multi-item scale. It answers the question: "Do the items in this scale measure the same underlying construct?"

When to Use This Calculator

  • Validating a new survey instrument or questionnaire
  • Checking reliability of established scales in your sample
  • Identifying problematic items that reduce scale reliability
  • Reporting reliability statistics for academic publications

Key Assumptions

  • Unidimensionality — Items should measure a single construct. Use factor analysis first if unsure.
  • Tau-equivalence — Items should have equal true score variances (a strong assumption rarely fully met).
  • Continuous or interval-level data — Works best with Likert scales of 5+ points.

Limitations

  • Inflated by more items — Adding redundant items increases alpha artificially. Very high alpha (> 0.95) may indicate redundancy.
  • Not a measure of validity — High reliability doesn't mean you're measuring what you intend to measure.
  • Sample-dependent — Alpha can vary across populations. Always report for your specific sample.

For a deeper discussion of scale reliability, see our guide on survey validity and reliability.